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1-Chlorooctadecane CAS:3386-33-2
I-1-Chlorooctadecane iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C18H37Cl, ehlukaniswe njenge-alkyl halide eyinhloko. Iqukethe umgogodla we-octadecane one-athomu ye-chlorine enamathiselwe ku-carbon yokuqala. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala alunawo umbala, lubonisa ukuncibilika okuphansi emanzini ngenkathi luncibilika ezinyibilikisweni ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yochungechunge lwayo olude lwe-carbon, i-1-chlorooctadecane ithola ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo futhi isebenza njengomxhumanisi obalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-surfactants, imithi, kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zamakhemikhali ziyenza ibe usizo ocwaningweni nasezisetshenzisweni zezimboni, ikakhulukazi ezifundweni ezihilela ukusabela kokushintsha kwe-nucleophilic.
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I-asidi ye-hydrobromic >33% ku-ACETIC ACID CAS:37348-16-6
I-Hydrobromic acid (HBr) iyi-asidi enamandla eyakheka lapho igesi ye-hydrogen bromide incibilika emanzini, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-chemical reactions ngenxa ye-reactivity yayo ephezulu. Uma ilungiswa ngamanani angaphezu kuka-33% ku-acetic acid, yakha isixazululo esigxile kakhulu esisebenza njenge-reagent enamandla ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Le ngxube ingasetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwe-bromination, lapho ama-athomu e-bromine efakwa kuma-molecule ezinto eziphilayo. Inhlanganisela ye-hydrobromic acid ne-acetic acid ithuthukisa izakhiwo ze-solvent, okwenza kube lula ukuncibilika kwama-reactants ngempumelelo futhi kube lula ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali amaningi ezindaweni zelebhu kanye nezimboni.
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I-Isopropyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate CAS:51368-55-9
I-Isopropyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule C₅H₁₁BrO₂. Ingowomndeni wama-ester e-bromo futhi inesakhiwo esinamagatsha, esine-athomu ye-bromine enamathiselwe ku-carbon yesibili yengxenye ye-2-methylpropanoate. Le nhlanganisela ngokuvamile iyi-liquid ecacile ekamelweni lokushisa futhi iyancibilika ezinyibilikisweni ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo kodwa inokuncibilika okulinganiselwe emanzini. I-Isopropyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate isebenza njenge-intermediate ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekuphenduleni kokushintshana kwe-nucleophilic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye namanye amakhemikhali akhethekile.
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2-FLUOROBENZOTRICHLORIDE CAS:488-98-2
I-2-Fluorobenzotrichloride iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi ebonakala ngokuba khona kwe-athomu ye-fluorine kanye nezinto ezintathu ezithatha indawo ye-chlorine ezinamathiselwe endandatho ye-benzene. Ngefomula yamakhemikhali i-C₇H₄Cl₃F, ibonakala njengoketshezi oluphuzi olungenambala kuya koluphuzi. Le nhlanganisela isebenza njengesixhumi esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali ezolimo, imithi, kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo okuhlukile kwamaqembu e-halogenated, i-2-fluorobenzotrichloride ibonisa ukusabela okuphawulekayo, okwenza ibe yi-reagent eguquguqukayo yokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukutshintshwa kwe-electrophilic aromatic kanye nokusabela kwe-nucleophilic.
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2,6-Dichlorobenzal chloride CAS:81-19-6
I-2,6-Dichlorobenzal chloride iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile yephunga ebonakala ngokuba khona kwama-athomu amabili e-chlorine endandatho ye-benzene kanye neqembu elisebenzayo le-formyl chloride. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali yi-C₇H₄Cl₂O, futhi ibonakala njengoketshezi oluphuzi olungenambala noma oluphuzi olunephunga elimnandi. Le nhlanganisela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo njengesakhiwo esiguquguqukayo sokulungiselela imithi ehlukahlukene, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokusabela, ikakhulukazi njenge-electrophile, i-2,6-dichlorobenzal chloride idlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqulweni kwamakhemikhali amaningi, okwenza ibe yigugu kokubili ezindaweni zezemfundo kanye nezimboni.
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3-BROMOCHLOROBENZENE CAS:108-37-2
I-3-Bromochlorobenzene iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi ene-halogenated enefomula yama-molecule i-C6H4BrCl. Yakhiwe ngendandatho ye-benzene ene-bromine kanye ne-chlorine substituents ezitholakala ezindaweni ze-meta ezihlobene. Le nhlanganisela ivame ukubonakala njengoketshezi olungenambala kuya kophuzi futhi yaziwa ngokuncibilika kwayo okulingene ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo ngenkathi ingancibiliki kakhulu emanzini. I-3-Bromochlorobenzene idlala indima ebalulekile njenge-intermediate ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo futhi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile ngenxa yokusabela kwayo ekuphenduleni kokushintshana kwe-electrophilic kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-nucleophilic.
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2,4-DICHLOROBENZOTRICHLORIDE CAS:13014-18-1
I-2,4-Dichlorobenzotrichloride, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-benzene-1,3-dichloro-2-trichloroethyl, iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi ebonakala ngokuba khona kwama-athomu amabili e-chlorine endandatho ye-benzene kanye nezinto ezintathu ezithatha indawo ye-chlorine ezinamathele kuchungechunge lwekhabhoni. Ngefomula yama-molecule i-C₁₃HCl₅, le nhlanganisela ibonakala njengoketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengomxhumanisi ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezicelo zezimboni, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali ezolimo kanye nemithi. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele, ibonisa ukusabela okuphawulekayo, okwenza ibe usizo ekuguqulweni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.
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1-Chlorotetradecane CAS:2425-54-9
I-1-Chlorotetradecane iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C14H29Cl, ehlukaniswe njenge-alkyl halide eyinhloko. Inesakhiwo se-tetradecane esiqondile esine-athomu ye-chlorine enamathiselwe ku-carbon yokuqala. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala lubonisa ukuncibilika okuphansi emanzini kanye nokuncibilika okuhle ezinyibilikisini ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, okubonisa izakhiwo zalo ezingezona ezomoya. Ngenxa yesakhiwo salo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele, i-1-chlorotetradecane iyindawo ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ama-surfactants, ama-detergent, namanye amakhemikhali akhethekile. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe yigugu kokubili ocwaningweni kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni okubandakanya ukusabela kokushintsha kwe-nucleophilic kanye nokunye ukuguqulwa.
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t-Butyl 2-bromo isobutyrate CAS:23877-12-5
I-isobutyrate ye-t-Butyl 2-bromo iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C₇H₁₅BrO₂. Ingowomndeni wama-ester e-bromo futhi ineqembu le-t-butyl elixhunywe ekusebenzeni kwe-ester kwe-isobutyric acid, ene-athomu ye-bromine endaweni engu-2. Le nhlanganisela ivame ukubonakala njengoketshezi olungenambala kuya koluphuzi olukhanyayo futhi incibilika ezinyibilikeni ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo kodwa inokuncibilika okulinganiselwe emanzini ngenxa yezici zayo ze-hydrophobic. I-isobutyrate ye-t-Butyl 2-bromo isebenza njengesikhungo esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekuphenduleni kokushintshana kwe-nucleophilic ekukhiqizweni kwemithi namakhemikhali akhethekile.
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1-Chlorododecane CAS:112-52-7
I-1-Chlorododecane iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C12H25Cl, ehlukaniswe njenge-alkyl halide eyinhloko. Yakhiwe isakhiwo se-dodecane esiqondile esine-athomu ye-chlorine eboshelwe ku-carbon yokuqala. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala lunokuncibilika okuncane emanzini kodwa luncibilika ezinyibilikisweni ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, okubonisa isimo salo sokungangenisi amanzi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zalo ezihlukile zamakhemikhali, i-1-chlorododecane isebenza njengomxhumanisi obalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ama-surfactants, ama-detergents, kanye nemithi. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe yigugu kokubili ekusetshenzisweni kocwaningo kanye nasezinqubweni zezimboni ezihilela ukusabela kokushintsha kwe-nucleophilic kanye nokunye ukuguqulwa.
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1-Chlorohexadecane CAS:4860-03-1
I-1-Chlorohexadecane iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C16H33Cl, ehlukaniswe njenge-alkyl halide eyinhloko. Inesakhiwo se-hexadecane esiqondile, esine-athomu ye-chlorine enamathiselwe ku-carbon yokuqala ochungechungeni. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala lunokuncibilika okuncane emanzini kodwa luncibilika kalula ezinyibilikisini ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, okubonisa isimo salo sokungathandi amanzi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zalo ezihlukile, i-1-chlorohexadecane isebenza njengesikhungo esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ama-surfactants, izinto zokugcoba, kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokusabela kwayo kuyenza ibe wusizo kokubili ezindaweni zocwaningo kanye nezicelo zezimboni ezibandakanya ukusabela kokushintsha kwe-nucleophilic.
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1-Bromohexadecane CAS:112-82-3
I-1-Bromohexadecane iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C16H33Br. Ihlukaniswa njenge-alkyl halide eyinhloko, equkethe uchungechunge lwe-hexadecane olune-athomu ye-bromine enamathiselwe ku-carbon yokuqala. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala lubonisa ukuncibilika kwamanzi okuphansi kanye nezici ezibalulekile ze-hydrophobic, okwenza lufanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yochungechunge lwayo olude lwe-carbon, i-1-bromohexadecane isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo njengento ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-surfactants, imithi, kanye namanye amakhemikhali amahle. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zenza kube yinkimbinkimbi ebalulekile kokubili ocwaningweni nasezindaweni zezimboni.
