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2,4,6-Trimethylaniline CAS:88-05-1
I-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline iyi-aromatic amine enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C10H15N. Le nhlanganisela inendandatho ye-benzene ethathelwe indawo ngamaqembu amathathu e-methyl ezindaweni ezingu-2, 4, kanye no-6, kanye neqembu le-amino (-NH2). Eyaziwa ngesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele, i-2,4,6-trimethylaniline isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kodayi, imibala, kanye namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-organic. Amandla ayo okusebenza njenge-nucleophile ekuphenduleni kokushintsha kwe-electrophilic athuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kumakhemikhali okwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanganisela inezinhlelo zokusebenza kumakhemikhali ezolimo kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, lapho izakhiwo zayo zinegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhemikhali akhethekile kanye nokugqoka okuthuthukisiwe.
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I-3-Hydroxybenzoic acid CAS:99-06-9
I-3-Hydroxybenzoic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-salicylic acid, iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi enefomula yama-molecule i-C7H6O3. Ineqembu le-hydroxyl (-OH) kanye neqembu le-carboxylic acid (-COOH) elinamathiselwe endandatho ye-benzene endaweni ye-3. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa ngendima yayo ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemithi, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwesikhumba, futhi isebenza njengesandulela ekukhiqizweni kodayi, amakha, kanye nezilondolozi zokudla. Izakhiwo ezihlukile ze-3-hydroxybenzoic acid ziyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, kufaka phakathi isayensi yezokwelapha kanye nezinto zokwakha.
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I-Diethyl succinate CAS:123-25-1
I-Diethyl succinate iyi-ester etholakala ku-succinic acid, enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C10H18O4. Yakhiwe amaqembu amabili e-ethyl ahlanganiswe namaqembu asebenzayo e-carboxylic acid e-succinic acid. Le nhlanganisela ibonakala njengoketshezi olungenambala futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, kwezemithi, nanjenge-solvent. I-Diethyl succinate isebenza njengesakhiwo esiguquguqukayo sokwenza amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nemithi kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo. Iphuzu layo eliphansi lokubila kanye nokungabi nobuthi kuthuthukisa ukukhanga kwayo ezisetshenzisweni ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-flavouring agents kuya kuma-plasticizers, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo kokubili ezindaweni zezimboni kanye nelebhu.
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I-MOPS CAS:1132-61-2
I-MOPS, noma i-3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid, iyi-ejenti yokubopha esetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni lwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezamakhemikhali. Ngefomula yama-molecule i-C7H15NO4S, i-MOPS ine-pKa engaba ngu-7.15, okwenza isebenze kahle kakhulu ekugcineni amazinga e-pH engokwenyama ezungeze ukungathathi hlangothi. Le buffer iyathandwa ngenxa yekhono layo lokuzinzisa i-pH ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola, kufaka phakathi isiko lamaseli kanye ne-electrophoresis, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhambisana kwayo namaprotheni kanye nama-nucleic acid kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ku-biology yama-molecule kuya ku-biochemistry, okuqinisa ukubaluleka kwayo njenge-buffer ejwayelekile ezindaweni zelebhu.
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid CAS:94-75-7
I-2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) iyi-herbicide esetshenziswa kabanzi engowomndeni we-phenoxy acid. Ngefomula yamakhemikhali i-C8H6Cl2O3, le nhlanganisela inama-athomu amabili e-chlorine ezindaweni ezingu-2 no-4 zeqembu le-chlorophenol elixhunywe engxenyeni ye-acetic acid. Ekuqaleni yasungulwa ngawo-1940, i-2,4-D isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi ezindaweni ezahlukene zezolimo, okuhlanganisa izitshalo, utshani, kanye nezingadi. Isenzo sayo sokukhetha siyivumela ukuthi ihlasele izimila ezingafuneki ngenkathi igcina utshani. Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-2,4-D kuye kwenza kwaba ngenye yezindlela zokubulala ukhula ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
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I-3-(Dimethylamino)benzoic acid CAS:99-64-9
I-3-(Dimethylamino)benzoic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid noma i-DMABA, iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi enefomula yama-molecule i-C10H13NO2. Iqukethe iqembu le-dimethylamino (-N(CH₃)₂) elinamathiselwe endandatho ye-benzene endaweni ye-3, kanye neqembu le-carboxylic acid (-COOH). Le nhlanganisela iyaziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwayo ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, emithini yemithi, kanye nodayi. Isakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele siyinika izakhiwo ezenza ibe yigugu ekusabeleni okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali, kufaka phakathi njengesibonakaliso se-pH kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokwenziwa kwemithi. Ukuguquguquka kwe-3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi neyezimboni.
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2,4-Difluoroaniline CAS:367-25-9
I-2,4-Difluoroaniline iyi-aromatic amine ebonakala ngokuba khona kwama-athomu amabili e-fluorine ezindaweni ezi-2 nezi-4 ze-molecule ye-aniline. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali yi-C6H5F2N, futhi ifaka iqembu lama-amino (-NH2) kanye nendandatho ye-benzene ene-fluorinated. Le nhlanganisela idonsele ukunaka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imithi kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo njengesikhungo sokuhlanganiswa kwama-molecule asebenzayo. Izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ezinikezwa yizinto ezithatha indawo ye-fluorine zithuthukisa ukuzinza nokusebenza kwenhlanganisela, okwenza kube yisisekelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali.
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i-creatinol phosphate CAS:6903-79-3
I-Creatinol phosphate iyi-derivative ye-creatine equkethe i-phosphorylated, enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C6H14N3O4P. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwemisipha nasekukhiqizweni kwamandla. I-Creatinol phosphate isebenza njengomxhumanisi obalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-ATP (adenosine triphosphate), ebalulekile ekudlulisweni kwamandla eselula. Ukuba khona kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza kahle kokuzivocavoca kanye nokululama okuthuthukisiwe emisipheni yamathambo. Le nhlanganisela ibaluleke kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo ezidinga amandla amaningi, isebenza njengendawo yokugcina i-phosphate yokuvuselelwa kwe-ATP okusheshayo. Ucwaningo lwe-creatinol phosphate lusiza ekuqondeni kwethu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokubili empilweni nasezifweni.
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I-3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid CAS:99-10-5
I-3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi enefomula yama-molecule i-C7H6O4. Inamaqembu amabili e-hydroxyl (-OH) ezindaweni ezi-3 nezi-5 zesakhiwo se-benzoic acid, okwenza kube yi-dihydroxy derivative ye-benzoic acid. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa ngendima yayo ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezicelo ezahlukahlukene emithini yemithi, izimonyo, kanye nezimboni zokudla. Izakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-antioxidant ziyenza ibe yigugu kakhulu, njengoba ingavikela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid isebenza njengesandulela sokwenziwa kwama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo emikhakheni ehlukene yesayensi neyezimboni.
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I-Dimethyl succinate CAS:106-65-0
I-Dimethyl succinate iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ehlukaniswe njenge-diester ye-succinic acid, enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C8H14O4. Yakhiwe amaqembu amabili e-methyl ahlanganiswe namaqembu asebenzayo e-carboxylic acid e-succinic acid. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala lunephunga elimnandi lezithelo futhi lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni izinto eziphilayo, izinqubo zokuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-polymer abolayo. I-Dimethyl succinate isebenza njengesakhiwo esiguquguqukayo ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusabela kwe-transesterification kanye ne-condensation. Ubuthi bayo obuphansi kanye nephrofayili yayo enhle yemvelo kuthuthukisa ukukhanga kwayo ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini, emithini yemithi, kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo, okwenza kube yinkimbinkimbi ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali.
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I-N,N'-Diethylethylenediamine CAS:111-74-0
I-N,N'-Diethylethylenediamine (DEE), enefomula yama-molecule i-C6H16N2, iyi-diamine ene-branched chain ebonakala ngamaqembu amabili e-ethyl anamathele kuma-athomu e-nitrogen kumgogodla we-ethylenediamine. Le nhlanganisela iyaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni. I-DEE isebenza njengomxhumanisi obalulekile ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-surfactants, ama-polymers, kanye nemithi. Ngenxa yokusabela kwayo, ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-ligand kumakhemikhali okuhlanganisa kanye ne-catalysis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezihlukile ze-N,N'-diethylethylenediamine ziyenza ibe yigugu ekwakhiweni okudinga ukusebenza kwe-amine, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ezindaweni eziningi zesayensi nezezimboni.
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4-Bromochlorobenzene CAS:106-39-8
I-4-Bromochlorobenzene iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi enefomula yama-molecule i-C₆H₄BrCl, equkethe indandatho ye-benzene ethathelwe indawo yi-athomu ye-bromine ne-chlorine ezindaweni ze-para. Le nhlanganisela ivame ukubonakala njengoketshezi olungenambala kuya koluphuzi olukhanyayo futhi ibonisa ukuguquguquka okumaphakathi. Inomswakama ophansi emanzini kodwa iyancibilika ezinyibilikisweni ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, okwenza ibe usizo ekusetshenzisweni kokwenziwa. I-4-Bromochlorobenzene isebenza njengomxhumanisi obalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye nodayi ngenxa yokusabela kwayo ekuphenduleni kokushintsha kwe-electrophilic kanye nekhono layo lokubhekana nokushintsha kwe-nucleophilic.
