● UJohnson noJohnson
I-Johnson & Johnson yasungulwa ngo-1886 futhi inendlunkulu eNew Jersey naseNew Brunswick, e-USA. I-Johnson & Johnson iyinkampani ye-biotechnology yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ingumkhiqizi wemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe yabathengi namadivayisi ezokwelapha. Le nkampani isabalalisa futhi ithengisa imithi engaphezu kuka-172 e-United States. Izigaba zemithi ezisebenzisanayo zigxile ezifweni ezithelelanayo, i-immunology, i-oncology kanye ne-neuroscience. Ngo-2015, i-Qiangsheng yayinabasebenzi abangu-126,500, izimpahla eziphelele zingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-131, kanye nokuthengiswa okungamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-74.
● I-Roche
I-Roche Biotech yasungulwa eSwitzerland ngo-1896. Inemikhiqizo ye-biopharmaceutical engu-14 emakethe futhi izibiza njengomlingani omkhulu we-biotech emhlabeni. I-Roche yayinenani eliphelele lokuthengisa elingu-$51.6 billion ngo-2015, inani lemakethe elingu-$229.6 billion, kanye nabasebenzi abangu-88,500.
● Ama-Novartis
I-Novartis yasungulwa ngo-1996 kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwe-Sandoz ne-Ciba-Geigy. Le nkampani ikhiqiza imithi, imithi ejwayelekile kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Ibhizinisi lenkampani lihlanganisa izimakethe ezikhulayo zezimakethe ezisafufusa eLatin America, e-Asia nase-Afrika. I-Novartis Healthcare ingumholi emhlabeni wonke ekuthuthukisweni nasekunakekelweni okuyinhloko, kanye nasekuthengisweni kwemithi ekhethekile. Ngo-2015, i-Novartis yayinabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-133,000 emhlabeni jikelele, izimpahla ezingama-$225.8 billion, kanye nokuthengiswa okungama-$53.6 billion.
● I-Pfizer
I-Pfizer yinkampani yomhlaba wonke ye-biotechnology eyasungulwa ngo-1849 futhi inendlunkulu eNew York City, e-USA. Yathenga i-Botox Maker Allergan ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-160 ngo-2015, okuyisivumelwano esikhulu kunazo zonke emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ngo-2015, i-Pfizer yayinempahla engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-169.3 kanye nokuthengiswa okungamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-49.6.
● I-Merck
I-Merck yasungulwa ngo-1891 futhi inendlunkulu yayo eNew Jersey, e-USA. Iyinkampani yomhlaba wonke ekhiqiza imithi kadokotela, imithi yokwelapha ngemithi, imigomo, kanye nempilo yezilwane kanye nemikhiqizo yabathengi. I-Merck itshale imali eningi ekulweni nobhubhane oluvelayo, okuhlanganisa ne-Ebola. Ngo-2015, i-Merck yayinemali engaba yizigidigidi zamaRandi ayi-150, ukuthengiswa okungu-$42.2 billion, kanye nempahla engu-$98.3 billion.
● Isayensi YaseGileyadi
I-Gilead Sciences iyinkampani ye-biopharmaceutical esekelwe ocwaningweni ezinikele ekutholakaleni, ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthengisweni kwemithi emisha, enendlunkulu eCalifornia, e-USA. Ngo-2015, i-Gilead Sciences yayinempahla engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-34.7 kanye nempahla engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25 ekuthengisweni.
● iNovo Nordisk
I-Novo Nordisk iyinkampani ye-biotechnology yamazwe ngamazwe enendlunkulu yayo eDenmark, enezindawo zokukhiqiza emazweni angu-7 kanye nabasebenzi abangu-41,000 kanye namahhovisi emazweni angu-75 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2015, i-Novo Nordisk yayinempahla engu-$12.5 billion kanye nokuthengiswa okungu-$15.8 billion.
● I-Amgen
I-Amgen, enendlunkulu yayo eThousand Oaks, eCalifornia, ikhiqiza imithi yokwelapha futhi igxile ekwakheni imithi emisha ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-molecular kanye ne-cellular biology. Le nkampani ithuthukisa ukwelashwa kwezifo zamathambo, izifo zezinso, i-rheumatoid arthritis kanye nezinye izifo ezingathi sína. Ngo-2015, i-Amgen yayinempahla engu-$69 billion kanye nokuthengiswa okungu-$20 billion.
● I-Bristol-Myers Squibb
IBristol-Myers Squibb (Bristol) yinkampani ye-biotechnology enendlunkulu yayo eNew York City, e-United States. IBristol-Myers Squibb ithenge i-iPierian ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-725 ngo-2015 kanye neFlexus Biosciences ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-125 ngo-2015. Ngo-2015, iBristol-Myers Squibb yayinempahla engamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-33.8 kanye nokuthengiswa okungamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-15.9.
● iSanofi
ISanofi iyinkampani yaseFrance esebenzisana nemithi enendlunkulu yayo eParis. Le nkampani igxile emithini yokugomela abantu, izixazululo zesifo sikashukela kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo kwabathengi, imithi emisha kanye neminye imikhiqizo. ISanofi isebenza emazweni angaphezu kwe-100 emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa ne-United States, enendlunkulu yayo yase-US eBridgewater, eNew Jersey. Ngo-2015, iSanofi yayinempahla ephelele engu-$177.9 billion kanye nokuthengiswa okungu-$44.8 billion.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-22-2019