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I-4′-Methylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid I-CAS:7148-03-0
I-4′-Methylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-2-carboxy-4′-methylbiphenyl, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C15H14O2. Inesakhiwo se-biphenyl lapho enye yezindandatho ze-phenyl iphethe iqembu le-carboxylic acid (-COOH) endaweni ye-ortho (2), kanti enye indandatho ine-methyl (-CH3) esikhundleni se-para (4′). Le nhlanganisela inesithakazelo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye ne-chemistry yezokwelapha. Ukwakheka kwayo kwesakhiwo kunikeza izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izinto eziphilayo, ekukhiqizweni kwe-polymer, kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithi okungenzeka.
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I-4′-Iodoacetophenone CAS:13329-40-3
I-4′-Iodoacetophenone iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C9H9IO. Iqukethe iqembu le-benzoyl eline-iodine esikhundleni se-para maqondana neqembu le-carbonyl. Le nhlanganisela inentshisekelo enkulu ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokusabela kwayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo; ikakhulukazi, ukuba khona kwe-athomu ye-iodine kuthuthukisa uhlamvu lwe-electrophilic lwendandatho enuka kamnandi. I-4′-Iodoacetophenone isebenza njengesixhumi esibalulekile sokwenza imithi ehlukahlukene, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile. Izici zayo ezihlukile zesakhiwo zenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali amaningi, okwenza kube yindaba ethakazelisayo kokubili ocwaningweni lwezemfundo kanye nolwezimboni.
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I-4-Fluoro-3-nitrotoluene CAS:446-11-7
I-4-Fluoro-3-nitrotoluene iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi enefomula yama-molecule i-C7H6ClN2O2. Yakhiwe umgogodla we-toluene othathelwe indawo yiqembu le-nitro (–NO2) endaweni ye-3 kanye ne-athomu ye-fluorine (–F) endaweni ye-4. Le nhlanganisela iphawuleka ngezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile ze-elekthronikhi, ezivela ekuhlanganisweni kweqembu le-nitro elikhipha ama-electron kanye ne-athomu ye-fluorine engemihle. Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, i-4-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene isebenza njengomxhumanisi obalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
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I-3-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine CAS:79456-26-1
I-3-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine iyinhlanganisela enuka kamnandi ene-fluorine enefomula yama-molecule i-C7H5ClF3N. Le nhlanganisela inendandatho ye-pyridine, equkethe kokubili iqembu lama-amino (–NH2) kanye ne-chloro substituent endaweni ye-3, kanye neqembu le-trifluoromethyl (–CF3) endaweni ye-5. Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yala maqembu asebenzayo inikeza ukusabela okuphawulekayo futhi ithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwenhlanganisela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Isakhiwo sayo sivumela ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene, okwenza kube yindawo ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
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I-4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol CAS:105-13-5
I-4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-p-methoxybenzyl alcohol, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C9H12O2. Iqukethe indandatho ye-benzene ethathelwe indawo yiqembu le-methoxy (-OCH3) endaweni ye-para kanye neqembu le-hydroxymethyl (-CH2OH) elinamathiselwe endandatho efanayo ye-benzene. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza i-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol ngezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile ezenza ibaluleke ezindaweni ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-chemistry yezokwelapha. Ukusebenza kwayo kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kusukela ekusebenzeni njengomxhumanisi ekwakhiweni kwemithi kuya ekusebenzeni njengesisekelo sokwakha ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha.
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6-Hydroxy-2(1H)-3,4-dihydroquinoline CAS:54197-66-9
I-6-Hydroxy-2(1H)-3,4-dihydroquinolinone iyinhlanganisela ye-bicyclic equkethe iqembu le-hydroxyl kanye ne-athomu ye-nitrogen ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo. Ngefomula yama-molecule i-C9H8N2O2, le nhlanganisela ibonakaliswa yi-dihydroquinolinone core, efaka isandla ezimpahleni zayo ezithakazelisayo zebhayoloji kanye namakhemikhali. I-6-Hydroxy-2(1H)-3,4-dihydroquinolinone idonsele isithakazelo kumakhemikhali ezokwelapha ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo engaba khona yezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yokulwa namagciwane, yokulwa nokuvuvukala, kanye neyokulwa nomdlavuza. Isakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele sivumela ukukhishwa okwengeziwe, okwenza kube yindawo ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asebenzayo.
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I-5-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid CAS:146328-85-0
I-5-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid iyi-aromatic carboxylic acid ephawulekayo ngendandatho yayo ye-benzene ene-halogenated. Ngefomula yama-molecule C7H4BrF O2, ine-athomu ye-bromine endaweni engu-5 kanye ne-athomu ye-fluorine endaweni engu-2 yesakhiwo se-benzoic acid. Le nhlanganisela ibalulekile kumakhemikhali e-organic okwenziwa kanye ne-chemistry yezokwelapha ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile ze-elekthronikhi kanye nokusabela okungenzeka. Ukuba khona kwama-athomu e-bromine kanye ne-fluorine kwenza kube yisandulela esiwusizo sokwenziwa kwama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngomsebenzi othuthukisiwe webhayoloji noma izakhiwo zezinto ezihlukile.
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I-Adipic dihydrazide CAS:1071-93-8
I-Adipic dihydrazide (ADH) iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C6H12N4O2, etholakala ku-adipic acid. Inamaqembu amabili e-hydrazide anamathele ku-chain ye-carbon eyisithupha, okwenza ibe yi-intermediate ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. I-ADH yaziwa ngekhono layo lokusebenza njenge-agent exhumanisayo futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhemikhali e-polymer, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwama-polyamides nama-hydrogel. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile ziphinde zinikeze ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwezokwelapha nakwezolimo, lapho ingasiza khona ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezintsha kanye nokwakheka kwemithi.
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3′-Fluoroacetophenone CAS:455-36-7
I-3′-Fluoroacetophenone iyi-aromatic ketone enefomula yama-molecule i-C9H9FO, ebonakala ngeqembu le-fluoro endaweni yesakhiwo sayo se-acetophenone. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okuhlukile kanye nezakhiwo ezinikezwa yi-athomu ye-fluorine engeyona i-electronegative, okwenza ibe yindawo ebalulekile ekhemistri yezinto eziphilayo. Amandla ayo okuhlanganyela ekushintsheni kwe-nucleophilic ayenza ibe mnandi kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokwenziwa kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo. Ukufakwa kwe-fluorine kuthuthukisa i-lipophilicity kanye nokuzinza kwe-metabolic, okungaba nenzuzo ekwakhiweni kwemithi.
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I-3-Iodotoluene CAS:625-95-6
I-3-Iodotoluene iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C8H9I, ebonakala nge-athomu ye-iodine etholakala endaweni ye-meta maqondana neqembu le-methyl endandatho ye-benzene. Le nhlanganisela ye-aromatic ene-halogenated ibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokusabela kwayo okuhlukile kanye nekhono lokusebenza njenge-intermediate eguquguqukayo. Ukuba khona kwe-iodine kuthuthukisa isimo se-electrophilic sohlelo lwe-aromatic, okwenza kube lula ukusabela okuhlukahlukene kwe-nucleophilic substitution. I-3-Iodotoluene ithola ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, lapho ingaguqulwa ibe uhla lwamakhemikhali asebenzayo ngokwebhayoloji kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo.
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I-2-Iodobenzyl alcohol CAS:5159-41-1
I-2-Iodobenzyl alcohol iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C7H8I kanye nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esibonisa iqembu le-benzyl elithathelwe indawo yi-athomu ye-iodine endaweni ye-ortho maqondana neqembu le-hydroxyl (-OH). Le nhlanganisela ibalulekile kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo ezindleleni zokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi njenge-intermediate eguquguqukayo yezimpendulo zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene. I-iodine substituent ithuthukisa uhlamvu lwe-electrophilic lwendandatho enuka kamnandi, okwenza kube lula ukusabela kokushintsha kwe-nucleophilic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-2-iodobenzyl alcohol ingasetshenziswa kumakhemikhali ezokwelapha njengesandulela esingaba khona samakhemikhali asebenzayo ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zenza kube yisihloko esithakazelisayo socwaningo olwengeziwe kokubili ezindaweni zezemfundo nezezimboni.
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2-IODOBENZOYL CHLORIDE CAS:609-67-6
I-2-Iodobenzoic chloride iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yama-molecule i-C7H4ClIO, equkethe iqembu elisebenzayo le-benzoyl chloride elixhunywe ku-athomu ye-iodine ebekwe endaweni ye-ortho yendandatho ye-aromatic. Le nhlanganisela iphawuleka ngokusebenza kwayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-acyl chloride esabelayo kanye ne-halogen substituent. I-2-Iodobenzoic chloride isebenza njengomxhumanisi obalulekile ekulungiseleleni imithi ehlukahlukene, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye namakhemikhali amahle, lapho ingadlula khona ezinguqukweni eziningi ukuze ikhiqize izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinezici zebhayoloji ezingaba khona.
