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5-Chlorovaleronitrile CAS: 6280-87-1
I-5-Chlorovaleronitrile iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C5H8ClN, ebonakala ngeqembu le-cyano (-CN) kanye ne-chlorine esikhundleni sekhabhoni yesihlanu ye-valeric acid derivative. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala kuya kophuzi olukhanyayo lusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-intermediate ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuyenza ikwazi ukuhlanganyela ekusabeleni okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali, okwenza kube usizo ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile. Ukuba khona kwe-nitrile kanye ne-halogen kudala amathuba okuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubaluleka kwayo kumakhemikhali okwenziwa.
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I-5-Chlorovaleryl chloride CAS:1575-61-7
I-5-Chlorovaleryl chloride iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C5H8ClO kanye nesakhiwo esibonakala ngeqembu le-valeryl eliyi-chlorine. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala kuya kophuzi olukhanyayo lusetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-reagent ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ekulungiseleleni imithi ehlukahlukene kanye namakhemikhali ezolimo. Ukuba khona kwe-chlorine substituent kuthuthukisa ukusabela kwayo, okwenza kube yindawo ebalulekile ekwakheni ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-ester kanye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ehlukahlukene.
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I-2-Chloro-3-pyridinamine CAS: 6298-19-7
I-2-Chloro-3-pyridinamine iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ebonakala ngendandatho ye-pyridine ethathelwe indawo yi-athomu ye-chlorine endaweni ye-2 kanye neqembu lama-amino endaweni ye-3. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele siyenza ibe yigugu kumakhemikhali emithi, lapho ingasebenza khona njengesihluthulelo sokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asebenzayo ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuba khona kwamaqembu e-chloro nama-amino kuvumela uhla lwezindlela zamakhemikhali, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-2-chloro-3-pyridinamine ingaba nezicelo ekwelapheni izifo ngokubhekisa ezindleleni ezithile zezinto eziphilayo, iqokomisa amandla ayo emkhakheni wekhemistri yezokwelapha neyezolimo.
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I-4-Amino-2-chloropyridine CAS:14432-12-3
I-4-Amino-2-chloropyridine iyinhlanganisela ye-pyridine ethathelwe indawo eneqembu lama-amino kanye ne-athomu ye-chlorine ezindaweni zesi-4 nezesi-2 ngokulandelana. Le nhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eguquguqukayo idonsele ukunaka kumakhemikhali ezokwelapha ngenxa yezicelo zayo ezingaba khona ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-molecule asebenzayo ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuba khona kwamaqembu womabili asebenzayo kuvumela ukusabela okuhlukahlukene, okwenza ifanelekele ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-4-amino-2-chloropyridine isebenza njengesakhiwo esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni amakhemikhali ezolimo, udayi, kanye nezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqukethe i-nitrogen, ngaleyo ndlela isungula ukubaluleka kwayo kokubili kumakhemikhali emithi kanye nezimboni.
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I-4-Bromopyridine hydrochloride CAS:19524-06-2
I-4-Bromopyridine hydrochloride iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula i-C5H5BrClN, equkethe i-athomu ye-bromine enamathiselwe endaweni engu-4 yendandatho ye-pyridine, kanye nefomu likasawoti we-hydrochloride. Le nhlanganisela isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-intermediate ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo futhi inezicelo kumakhemikhali emithi, lapho isebenza khona njengesisekelo sokwakha ama-molecule ahlukahlukene asebenzayo ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Ukusebenza kwayo okuyingqayizivele kuvumela ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene, okwenza kube usizo ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhemikhali ezolimo, udayi, kanye nezinye izinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen. Ukusetshenziswa kwale nhlanganisela kumakhemikhali ezokwelapha kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo ocwaningweni kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni.
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3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride CAS:25629-50-9
I-3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ezidalwe ngokubaluleka kwayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithi. Le nhlanganisela ifaka indandatho ye-isoxazole kanye neqembu elisebenzayo le-carbonyl chloride, okwenza ibe yindawo ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-molecule ahlukahlukene asebenzayo ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yezici zayo ezihlukile zesakhiwo, idonsele isithakazelo ekusetshenzisweni okungaba khona kumakhemikhali ezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni ama-ejenti amasha okwelapha. Njengoba abacwaningi beqhubeka nokuhlola izakhiwo zayo, le nhlanganisela ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukutholakala kwemithi kanye nokuthuthukisa izinketho zokwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene.
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I-2-Chloroethyl chloroformate CAS:627-11-2
I-2-Chloroethyl chloroformate, enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C₅H₈Cl₂O₂, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eyingxenye yekilasi le-chloroformate ester. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala lunephunga elimnandi futhi lusebenza njenge-reagent ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Isakhiwo salo esiyingqayizivele, esineqembu le-chloroethyl elixhunywe engxenyeni ye-chloroformate, liyivumela ukuthi isebenze njenge-acylating agent. I-2-Chloroethyl chloroformate ibaluleke kakhulu kumakhemikhali ezokwelapha ekuguquleni amakhemikhali asebenzayo kanye nokwenza kube lula ukwakheka kwama-esters kanye ne-carbamate derivatives. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudlulela kumakhemikhali ezolimo kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, okwenza kube yinkimbinkimbi ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo ekhethekile esebenzayo.
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4,4′-Bipyridine CAS:553-26-4
I-4,4′-Bipyridine, enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C10H8N2, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo equkethe izindandatho ezimbili ze-pyridine ezixhunywe yisibopho esisodwa. Lokhu okuqinile kwekristalu okungenambala kuya kophuzi kusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi njenge-ligand kumakhemikhali okuxhumanisa kanye nanjengesixhumi esiphakathi ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye nodayi. Izakhiwo ezihlukile zesakhiwo se-4,4′-bipyridine ziyivumela ukuthi yakhe ama-complexes azinzile anezinsimbi zokuguquka, okwenza kube yigugu ku-catalysis kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nezici zayo zokusebenza kunegalelo elikhulu endimeni yayo kokubili ocwaningweni lwezemfundo kanye nezicelo zezimboni.
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I-5-Chlorovaleric acid CAS:1119-46-6
I-5-Chlorovaleric acid iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C5H9ClO2, ebonakala ngochungechunge lwe-carbon ezinhlanu oluneqembu le-carboxylic acid kanye ne-athomu ye-chlorine ku-carbon yesihlanu. Le nhlanganisela ibonakala njengoketshezi olungenambala kuya kophuzi olukhanyayo futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-chemical intermediate ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Isakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele siyenza ikwazi ukuhlanganyela ekusabeleni okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali, okwenza ibe wusizo ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye namakhemikhali akhethekile. Ukuba khona kweqembu le-carboxyl kanye ne-halogen kuthuthukisa ukusabela kwayo, kusiza ekuguqulweni okuhlukahlukene kumakhemikhali okwenziwa.
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I-1-Chloroethyl chloroformate CAS:50893-53-3
I-1-Chloroethyl chloroformate, enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C₅H₈Cl₂O₂, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ehlukaniswe njenge-ester ye-chloroformate. Lolu ketshezi olungenambala lunephunga elinamandla nelinomunyu futhi lusebenza ngokuyinhloko njenge-reagent ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Isakhiwo salo esiyingqayizivele, esiqukethe iqembu le-chloroethyl kanye nengxenye ye-chloroformate, siyivumela ukuthi isebenze njenge-acylating agent. I-1-Chloroethyl chloroformate ibaluleke kakhulu kumakhemikhali emithi yokuguqula amakhemikhali asebenzayo kanye nokwenza lula ukuhlanganiswa kwama-esters kanye ne-carbamate derivatives. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudlulela kumakhemikhali ezolimo kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, okufaka isandla ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo ekhethekile esebenzayo.
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2,2′-Bipyridine CAS:366-18-7
I-2,2′-Bipyridine iyi-ligand ye-bidentate equkethe izindandatho ezimbili ze-pyridine ezixhunywe yisibopho se-carbon-carbon endaweni ye-2. Le nhlanganisela idlala indima ebalulekile kumakhemikhali okuxhumanisa kanye ne-catalysis ngenxa yamandla ayo okugaya ama-ion ensimbi ngempumelelo. Izici zayo ezihlukile zesakhiwo ziyenza ikwazi ukwakha ama-complexes azinzile anezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zokuguquka, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile emikhakheni efana nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo, isayensi yezinto, kanye ne-electrochemistry. I-2,2′-Bipyridine iphinde yathola izinhlelo zokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni izinzwa nama-photocatalyst, okubonisa ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokufaneleka kwayo ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo lwamakhemikhali kanye nobuchwepheshe.
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I-2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate CAS:17341-93-4
I-2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate iyinhlanganisela ye-organochlorine enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C₅H₂Cl₅O₂. Njengoketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elinamandla nelinomunyu, lusebenza njenge-reagent ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Le nhlanganisela ifaka iqembu le-trichloroethyl elixhunywe engxenyeni ye-chloroformate, eliyinika i-reactivity ehlukile njenge-ejenti ye-acylating. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlanganisa amasimu ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi kumakhemikhali ezokwelapha okuguqula amakhemikhali asebenzayo futhi kusize ekuhlanganisweni kwama-carbamates nama-esters. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate ithola ukusetshenziswa kumakhemikhali ezolimo kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo ekhethekile esebenzayo.
